| Approach-avoidance conflict is the least stressful type of conflict. | False | It is often stressful because it involves both positive and negative aspects. |
| Men tend to use the tend-and-befriend response to threats. | False | Women are more likely to use the tend-and-befriend response, while men use fight-or-flight. |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder can occur six months or more after the traumatic event. | True | PTSD symptoms can appear long after the initial trauma. |
| Psychologically hardy people tend to have an external locus of control. | False | They typically have an internal locus of control, believing they can influence outcomes. |
| Selye’s three stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are alarm, reaction formation, and exhaustion. | False | The correct stages are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. |
| Social support helps people cope with the stresses of cancer and other health problems. | True | Social support provides emotional and practical assistance, which aids coping. |
| Stress and pathogens interact to influence the immune system. | True | Stress can weaken the immune system, affecting how the body responds to pathogens. |
| The “A” in Ellis’s A→B→C approach stands for “attitude.” | False | It stands for “activating event.” |
| The biopsychosocial model suggests that health is a function of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. | True | This model integrates multiple factors affecting health. |
| Type A personalities tend to be hostile and aggressive. | True | Hostility and aggression are common traits of Type A personalities. |
